London has no shortage of historical set-pieces (the Tower
of London, Parliament Square, Greenwich), but nowhere does the past feel closer
than Smithfield. Sit in the tranquility of West Smithfield (as we did for
brunch on Saturday) and you are surrounded by buildings whose purpose would be
familiar to our medieval ancestors.
To your north is Smithfield Market. In 1174 the area that became Smithfield was described by William
Fitzstephen, clerk to Thomas à Becket, as 'a smooth field where every Friday
there is a celebrated rendezvous of fine horses to be sold, and in another
quarter are placed vendibles of the peasant, swine with their deep flanks, and
cows and oxen of immense bulk.' Ideally suited to the grazing of livestock
(then an open space outside the city walls adjacent to the River Fleet), the
market evolved organically over the next 150 years, culminating in the City of
London gaining market rights under a charter granted by Edward III in 1327. As
with the other great wholesale markets (Billingsgate for fish, Spitalfields for
vegetables), Smithfield is still managed by the City of London to this day.
Unlike the other two, it is still on its original site - albeit in magnificent
new buildings designed by Sir Horace Jones in 1866.
Growing up, my best
friend's dad was a butcher, working at Smithfield. I rarely saw him. Smithfield
is a nocturnal animal, and his working day began at three in the morning, and
ended at eleven. While Ian and I played at his house after school, he was
generally asleep. I had no idea that he spent his days in one of the only
workplaces whose purpose is unchanged in 800 years.
There are, of course,
others. Many churches for example; though few have changed as little as St
Bartholomew the Great. Look up from your West Smithfield brunch and turn to the
East. The half-timbered gatehouse in front of you is tudor (dating from 1595),
but its origins are much older. You are looking at the only remaining part of
the west wall of St Batholomew's Priory. Like so many of England's priory
churches, the building that survives today is a fraction of what was built. The
present church of St Bartholomew the Great is simply the choir and crossing of
the original church, but it is miraculously unchanged from its foundation in
1123. You may recognise it from Four Weddings and a Funeral or, more recently,
T-mobile's wonderful royal wedding spoof.
Next to St Bartholomew the
Great is the hospital that shares its name. Like the priory, St Bart's (as it
is universally known) was founded by a former courtier of Henry I, a Canon of
St Paul's Cathedral called Rahere. Recovering from a fever, he endowed a
hospital in gratitude. It is still there, and is the oldest hospital in Britain
to still occupy its original site. It grew apart from the priory, and by 1420 the
two institutions were entirely separate. None of the original hospital building
survives today (perhaps thankfully - an old church may suit modern liturgy, but
I'm not sure a twelfth century hospital would suit modern medicine), but the
hospital's church, St Bartholomew the Less, retains both 15th century tower and
15th century bells.
Have you finished your
brunch yet? Well, order a coffee and, as you sit under the trees, think about
what you've seen. The open space you are sitting next to is, in origins, what
gave the area its name: "Smooth field", corrupted to Smithfield.
Imagine it is 1305. It is a different world. The crowds are gathering for a
great public spectacle. The Scottish nationalist William Wallace, against whom
the English army has been engaged in battle for nearly ten years, has finally
been captured. They did things differently then: the naked Wallace was dragged
to Smithfield at the heels of a horse. He was released just opposite where
you're sitting, and hanged, drawn and quartered (strangled by hanging but
released while he was still alive, castrated, eviscerated and his bowels burnt
before him, then beheaded and cut into four parts). His preserved head was
placed on London Bridge along with the heads of the brothers, John and Simon
Fraser. Truly, London was a very different city.
But, as the crowds
disperse, you are left standing in an open space between a priory church, a
hospital and a meat market.